A Great Controversy Among Historians About the Figure of Louis XIV Research Paper

A Great Controversy Among Historians About the Figure of Louis XIV - Research Paper Example Louis XIV thought that his entire life has to be the walk of a great king in a great country, the entire country being resumed in his divine-right, absolute monarch. It is possible that he never said the famous statement historians had always attributed to him, â€Å"L’à ¨tat, c’est Moi† (I am the state). But, as Jacques Bousset and Jean Domat1 were theorizing (Domat 1829), he considered himself to be God’s instrument on earth, and clearly felt that the state was his patrimony, as J. Nathan suggests (The Virginia Quarterly Review, J. Nathan). In his letters to his heirs, he explains his thought: â€Å"†¦A king works for himself when he has the state in mind, and the welfare of the one enhances the glory of the other†. Bearing this idea in mind, he devoted his life to the achievement of his glory and, therefore, of the glory of France. And he believed that war was the main mean to achieve his greatness. Through all the wars he sustained during his life, he tried to force all European nations to accept the French hegemony. He never really worked to establish a harmonic co-existence with other European nations (The Virginia Quarterly Review, J. Nathan). He did steer France through a series of wars in order to dictate Europe his idea of order: all nations united under the legitimate hegemony of France. Diplomacy was in his hands only a mean to keep enemies occupied while he prepared the army, and nobody was better than him in betraying his own words. As once he wrote to his ambassador: â€Å"†¦there are hardly any words in the world so clear..that do not have some exceptions and contrary reasons†¦Ã¢â‚¬ .

Holiday Song Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Holiday Song Research - Essay Example James Pierpont was an American composer (Anderson). Jingle Bells’ original name was One Horse Open Sleigh, it was only released under the name Jingle Bells in 1859. This song was composed in English. The song sings of the jingle of the bells placed on a horses reins while pulling an open sleigh in the snow. Although Jingle Bells is associated with December, it was never written for the holidays in December. It was just a popular song people sung in the winter months to begin with. Only over the years did the song come to represent December holidays. I learned Rudolph the Red Nose Reindeer riding home on the school bus in the first grade. I did not care at the time Rudolph the Red Nose Reindeer had been composed by an American writer named Johnny Mack. Johnny Mack copyrighted this song in 1949. The song was composed in English. Johnny Mack published two other Christmas songs (Anderson). They were A Holly Jolly Christmas and Rockin’ Around the Christmas Tree. Every school child in America sympathizes with poor Rudolph. The little reindeer is ostracized because of a big bright red nose. Rudolph is vindicated once he helps Santa navigate his sleigh in the snow. Everyone loved him then. I think all school children root for the underdog. Rudolph the Red Nose Reindeer reminds everyone that there is always hope. This song also passes down the belief in Santa Clause. Mariah Carey and Walter Afanasieff composed All I Want for Christmas Is You together. Mariah Carey is American, while Walter Afanasieff comes from Brazil. All I Want for Christmas Is You was recorded in English. The song’s release date was Christmas of 1994. All I Want for Christmas Is You is sung by Mariah Carey. She makes her intentions clear. All she wants for Christmas is her lover. I think everyone can relate. Most people want to be with their lover over the holidays. Nine times out of ten, lovers fight over the holidays, but that one time out of the ten

Working Conditions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Working Conditions - Assignment Example The usual theme is having cigarettes adds masculinity to men and attract more women. It can be linked to social bonds. Some examples of songs depicting cigarettes are My Cigarette and I, Smoke Rings, Smokin’ in the Boys’ Room, Pass that Peace Pipe and many more. The songs appealed to the mass that caused the increasing popularity of cigarettes way before the billboard advertisements like Joe Camel and Marlboro Man (Cooper and Haney, 1999). It is not only used as a status symbol because of its medical uses. In the form of powder, aqueous solution, ointment and extracts, tobacco was then used to treat tetanus, lack jaw, oedema, spastic dysuria, neurosis, constipation, smoke enemas and arsenic poisoning (Haustein and Groneberg, 2010). Despite of the popularity of cigarette and tobacco, it remains a public health enemy number one because it is the leading cause of death in the United States. Consuming cigarettes causes several diseases like cardiovascular diseases, cancer of the lungs, respiratory ailments such as bronchitis and emphysema and other forms of cancer like laryngeal, oral and stomach cancers (Schneider, 2011). In line with the negative health effects of cigarette smoking, several efforts had already been done in the United States. In 1971 the tobacco ads had been banned by the Congress along the airways while in 1984 the Smoking Education Act had been passed together with four strongly worded cigarette warnings in advertisements and cigarette packages. In 1986 the Comprehensive Smokeless Tobacco Health Education Act had been passed (Pampel, 2009). Since then California is the state that adapted some specific measures to manage the risk of cigarette smoking then followed by New York in 2003. The smoking law in New York was signed by Coy. George E. Pataki which includes many strict measures but with exemptions like licensed cigar bars in New York City, America-Indian-owned